Liquor - Salt Addition Calculator

Different historic styles of beer are associated with different cities and regions throughout Europe. This is because different places traditionally would have most likely used local ingredients such as hops but would also have been constrained to a certain extent by the profile of the water supply available to them. The water of Pilsen and Munich is soft and low in salts making it ideal for brewing pale crisp lagers. Dortmund has a lot of minerals in its water and so beers made here tend to be sweeter, malty ales, whilst the water of Burton is very hard and lends itself to the strong, dry, hoppier ales traditionally produced there. The table below shows the main ionic components in the water supply of different historic European brewing centres.

Ions (ppm)	Burton	Pilsen	Munich	Dortmund	London	Köln
Ca2+	268	7	76	260	90	105
Mg2+	62	2	18	23	4	15
Na+	30	3.2		69	24	50
CO32-	280	14	152	270	123	150
SO42-	638	5	10	283	58	85
Cl-	36	5	2	106	18	100

Nowadays a lot more is understood about the ionic chemistry of water and the way liquor composition affects the brewing process than when these cities first rose as great beer producers. Such as the effect calcium has on reducing mash pH by liberating phosphate ions to the way sulphate ions increase hop utilisation during wort boiling. Depending on the raw supply used different water profiles can be mimicked by adding treatment salts such as gypsum to the brewing liquor allowing different styles of beer to be brewed almost anywhere.

Below is a calculator you can use to determine the salt additions you require in your brew to copy different historic styles or tailor your liquor to your brewing needs. Simply enter the volume of your brewlength and ion concentrations of your water supply then change the amounts of the various common treatment salts to determine what your resultant liquor composition will be.

Castaway - Oak & Coconut Conditioned Strong Ale

July has arrived and the sun has got his hat on. Most breweries will produce a hoppy pale beer for mid summer, not DBC. Instead we've followed suit with our strategy of trying to do something different to everybody else (e.g. not making a mild for May) and brewed a 5.5% burgundy coloured ale. Castaway tastes as close to rum without actually containing possibly the worlds greatest and all too often overlooked spirit as I could get.

Motueka and Amarillo hops during the boil have lent a spicy, earthy and delicate pine aroma whilst plenty of crystal malts have given this beer a sweet treacle backbone. Following fermentation oak conditioning with coconut chips has rounded off the flavour and produced smooth nutty, stewed plum and charred character. This dangerously moreish beer is really something.

On another note we've decided to continue with our one off casks for our brewery tap in Dorchester after the success of our beetroot beer in spring. So for summer we have a firkin of Jurassic dry hopped with the new American variety Mozaic heading over there for next weekend. I enjoyed a sample with some friends from University last week, hopefully the Tom Brown's crowd will approve.

Oh-T-Tea - Kristalweizen

June’s special is a rather curious brew called Oh-T-Tea. It's an American style Kristalweizen that has been infused with select botanicals in order to give a zesty, herbal character.

The backbone of this recipe is a standard Bavarian-style wheat beer using malted barley and wheat, and copying the water profile of Munich. From there the American twist is to ferment using ale yeast rather than classic weiss yeast in order to avoid the banana and clove dominated flavour and produce a crisp and refreshing, bright beer with lots of body.

Things got a little crazy as Italian bergamot, Madagascan vanilla, Thai lemon grass and kaffir lime leaves were all added to the kettle in the giant ‘tea bag’ pictured to produce citrus, earthy and grassy notes. Couple this with English Challenger hops added throughout the boil for bittering and aroma, and as a dry hop addition in fermenter has resulted in a beer that smells like iced tea with a slice of orange and a stick of cassia. An ideal thirst quencher in my opinion after a hot summer day.

Grand Cru - Abbey Style Ale

May is almost upon us and the abbey style blond Grand Cru goes on sale next week. With people becoming much more willing to give strong ales a go hopefully the the wonderful Belgian flavour profile of cloves, vanilla and tropical fruits will prove a hit. However, brewing this particular limited edition ale was not without its issues. 

As with most beers of this style I used malt extract in the kettle to boost the starting gravity and enhance the flavour of the finished product; too much of this though can give a poor mouthfeel and make the beer taste thin. The malt extract comes in the form of a thick syrup which takes an age to pour from the tub as it oozes out in thick gloops. I had six of these to add to my wort before boiling, and whilst trying to manage the rest of the brewhouse I may have got more than a little hot and bothered but at least I managed to not spill any of it.

Foreign yeast that the brewhouse team were unfamiliar with provided the next hurdle. Some of these have behaved wonderfully in the past as with the Elderweiss brewed last summer; others have been more troublesome such as the trial brew for the upcoming September saison literally erupting beer like a geyser all over the cold store. Belgian yeast was used in tandem with our own strain to produce high amounts of esters and phenolic compounds imparting fruity and peppery flavours within the beer. This yeast set off like a rocket at the start of fermentation, munching its way through the sugary wort like a microbial version of man vs food. The brakes needed to be applied by dropping the temperature in order to prevent negative attributes developing such as the butterscotch aroma caused by diacetyl. Krausening (good word, isn't it?) with a ball of violently fermenting yeast near the finish helped to eliminate green-apple flavour acetaldehyde, allowing the softer, elegant flavours to come to the fore. For more great brewing lexicon check out the Oxford Dictionary of Beer.

This week also saw DBC win a Gold medal at the SIBA South West competition in the specialty beer category with our dark wheat beer Silent Knight. A great result for the team and something to be proud of.

Mutiny - Dark Lager

Lagers used to be dark, its a fact. Before malting technology allowed for the production of lighter coloured grains, brewers were restricted in what their offerings could look like as well as taste like. This meant that when Louis Pasteur was investigating the storage properties of beer in Germany, it was amber and brown beers he was testing and not the pale, golden varieties available today.

Mutiny is a Munich style dunkel, an interpretation of the historic lagered beers of Bavaria, brewed with richly flavoured Munich malt giving the beer a hint of chocolate and a slight nutty flavour. Marynka hops from Poland added late in the boil provide contrasting floral and honey aromas. Whilst the brewers' trick of adding black malt to the mash at sparge has helped to boost the depth of colour without affecting the flavour, making it stand out all the more.

When I sampled this beer after a week in conditioning tank, I immediately got a few more glasses and brought them into the office. This is definitely one to share, if possible whilst sporting lederhosen.

Equinox - American Red Ale

Brewing a red ale is a lot more challenging than I had ever anticipated when I first decided to make one over a year ago. There's a fine balance to be achieved between light and dark as well as the hues of yellow, orange and red that come through from the malts in order to get the colour just right. Basically its rubbish if it's amber or brown but if it's just right, in that Goldilocks region, when it's a vivid scarlet it looks fantastic.

The red ales of yore tend to rely on a precise dose of roast malt in order to deliver the colour along with an archetypal burnt flavour, however most modern brewers use caramelised malts instead thereby imbibing a sweeter nature. Some heinous individuals even resort to straight up cheating by adding coloured syrup extracts to their brew. I've gone for a hybrid approach adding both roast malt and dark crystal malts, as I'm using a trio of US hop varieties in the kettle as well as dry hopping the finished article in tank to create a rich, zesty ale bursting at the seams with big flavour.

It has taken months to get right but it's worth it. This beer will put an ear to ear grin on your face after every sip. A bit like the dinosaur suit I wore in the brewery for a brief appearance on channel 4's Sunday Brunch show.

Smokin' Bock - Rauchbock

Autumn, along with January, can be a quiet time for breweries in the UK. With the festive period looming and the British summer a distant memory trade tends to slow somewhat, particularly in the high %ABV bracket. It was therefore surprising that our MD and sales team were so on board with brewing a 6% bock, a historic style of German beer originating from the city of Einbeck, for November. 

Traditionally bocks are quite dark as well as strong. This is because the technology to produce the lighter coloured malt, necessary in making the pale lagers associated with Germany nowadays, had not been developed. There are now many different incarnations of this style such as, pale maibocks, freeze distilled eisbocks, and wheat dominated weissbocks. Interestingly bock is also German for goat, so it's fairly typical to see one featured on the label.

We decided on a more standard bock, goat and all, with a slight twist by using beech smoked malt. This gives our interpretation a smoky character in order to back up the sweet, malt dominated flavour profile created in ours by using large quantities of Munich style malt and having a high final gravity (necessitating the use of the special hydrometer, see pic).

We have just racked our Smokin' Bock into cask and I'm pretty happy with it. A tiny hint of pear drops on the nose, not what I was after but it should diminish, then that hit of smokiness which I was wanting. The flavour is all treacle and honey with a very low but balanced bitterness. We've decided to keep some back and are oak maturing it as a special treat for the new year, which we plan to bottle as a seriously limited edition. Prost!

Midnight Blinder - Foreign Stout

Midnight Blinder was an old Goldfinch Ale, a microbrewery that was located in what is now the skittle alley of our brewery tap Tom Brown's in Dorchester. I'm told that in those yonder days Midnight Blinder was simply liquored back to produce Flashman's Clout, which in turn was further diluted to produce Tom Browns. Not so any longer, both Tom's and Flashman's have their own grist formulations with the latter containing a significant amount of dark chocolate malt to give it its complex malty flavour.

Midnight Blinder was going to get its own grist recipe too and it was going to be far cry from its original incarnation. I decided to go  much darker with this 5% stout than Flashman's, all the way to 90EBC. Verging on Ink black, only seriously heavy imperial style porters and a handful of hardcore black IPA's coming in higher.

The hop profile was also going to be combination of old and new. Challenger for bittering and East Kent Goldings in for flavour would then relent to American hops in late for an aroma to match its look. I decided upon Galena and the now often overlooked Cluster, a predecessor to Cascade. Both of these hops can be too much for lighter beers to handle and impart a zesty, sort of blackcurrant hit to the aroma which combines really well with the large amount of chocolate rather than roast malt I decided to add for a sweeter character.

Wetherspoons got involved with this beer and have bought around 400 casks to date, which has given it a good deal of exposure and helped to raise the profile of what we're all about at DBC. It also meant my dad who lives several hundred miles away was able to try it and he let me know that he approves!